Although and even though are followed by a full clause, as in although it was raining, we went for a walk, while despite and in spite of are followed by a noun or gerund, never a clause, as in despite the rain, we went for a walk. However and nevertheless start a new sentence followed by a comma.
Grammar Rule
Although/even though are followed by a clause; despite/in spite of are followed by a noun or gerund, never a clause.
Connectors of Contrast: Rules and Examples
| Connector | Followed by | Example |
|---|---|---|
| although / even though | a clause | Although it was raining, we went for a walk. |
| despite / in spite of | a noun or gerund | Despite the rain, we went for a walk. In spite of the traffic, we arrived on time. |
| however / nevertheless | new sentence + comma | The team lost. However, they played well. He’s rich. Nevertheless, he lives simply. |
Remember: although/even though + clause; despite/in spite of + noun or gerund; however/nevertheless + comma.
Practice Test
Instructions
Answer each question in the test below using the correct connector of contrast. You will get a new random set of questions every time you retake the test, plus a downloadable results summary with your name and score at the end.
Connectors of Contrast
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Frequently Asked Questions
What follows although and even though?
A full clause with a subject and verb, as in although it was raining, we went for a walk.
What follows despite and in spite of?
A noun or gerund, never a clause, as in despite the rain, we went for a walk.
How do you use however or nevertheless?
Start a new sentence with them, followed by a comma, as in the team lost, however, they played well.
Can you say despite it was raining?
No, despite must be followed by a noun or gerund, so it should be despite the rain or despite raining, not despite it was raining.