How Do You Use And, But, Because, Or, and So in English? (A1 Exercises)

Basic conjunctions connect words or sentences. And joins similar ideas, but shows contrast, because gives a reason, or gives an alternative, and so shows a result. Do not confuse because, which explains a cause, with so, which shows the effect.

Grammar Rule

Conjunctions connect words or sentences. Don’t confuse because (cause) with so (effect).

Conjunction Uses and Examples

Word Use Example
and joins similar ideas He plays guitar and piano.
but shows contrast She was sick, but she went to work.
because gives a reason He missed the bus because he woke up late.
or gives an alternative Do you prefer summer or winter?
so shows a result The shop was closed, so we went home.

Remember: because explains the cause, so shows the result.

Practice Test

Instructions

Answer each question in the test below choosing the correct conjunction. You will get a new random set of questions every time you retake the test, plus a downloadable results summary with your name and score at the end.

Basic Conjunctions – (And, But, Because, Or, So)

This test assesses students’ knowledge of connecting ideas using basic conjunctions: and, but, because, or, and so. Level A1.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between because and so?

Because introduces the cause of something, while so introduces the result, as in the shop was closed, so we went home.

When do you use but instead of and?

Use but when the second idea contrasts with the first, as in she was sick, but she went to work.

What does or do in a sentence?

Or presents an alternative or a choice between two options, as in do you prefer summer or winter.

Can and join two similar ideas?

Yes. And connects similar or related ideas, as in he plays guitar and piano.